美聯儲四年多來首次加息 點陣圖顯示后面連著還有9次_AND:ING

在結束兩天的會議后，北京時間今天凌晨，美聯儲宣布加息25個基點。

這是2018年以來美國首次加息。

從新聞稿看，聯儲認為價格壓力是普遍的，不只是能源價格，還有勞動力等，目前的失業率已明顯下降（2月份美國CPI通脹率為7.9%，40年來最高；失業率為3.8%，已接近疫前水平）。

聯儲準備從下次會議開始，減少國債和機構債MBS的持有量。

投票委員中，圣路易斯聯儲主席James Bullard投票加息50個基點。

據FT報道，在會后的記者會上，聯儲主席鮑威爾談到加息是為了應對高通脹和緊張的勞動力市場 extremely tight labor market in high inflation.

點陣圖（dot plot，投票委員對利率區間的預測）顯示，聯儲官員比三個月前調高了利率預測，預計2022年剩下的時間還將加息6次，2023年加息至少3次。聯邦基金利率屆時將達到2.8%，高于影響經濟增長的“中性位置”（多數官員預測的中性利率為2.4%）。

硅谷銀行破產后美聯儲資產負債表首次縮表270億美元:4月3日消息，據美聯儲官網最新數據顯示，截至3月28日，美聯儲資產負債表規模為8.706萬億美元，較3月21日的8.733萬億美元減少約270億美元。這是自美國硅谷銀行破產危機爆發以來美聯儲首次縮表。[2023/4/3 13:41:14]

美國CPI（1965-2022）

美國勞動參與率（1948-2022）

聯儲新聞稿如下：

March 16, 2022

美聯儲布拉德：美聯儲的行動與更多加息的前景有助于抑制通貨膨脹:金色財經報道，美聯儲布拉德表示，美聯儲的行動與更多加息的前景有助于抑制通貨膨脹，美聯儲的政策還沒有限制性，但很快就會有更多的加息。美聯儲的透明度已經降低了金融穩定風險，美國GDP可能放緩至2%左右的潛在水平。[2023/1/6 10:24:09]

For release at 2:00 p.m. EDT

Indicators of economic activity and employment have continued to strengthen. Job gains have been strong in recent months, and the unemployment rate has declined substantially. Inflation remains elevated, reflecting supply and demand imbalances related to the pandemic, higher energy prices, and broader price pressures.

路透調查：美聯儲12月將加息50個基點:12月9日消息，據路透調查顯示，受調查的84位分析師均表示，美聯儲將在12月14日將聯邦基金利率上調50個基點。

48位分析師中有35位認為，美國下一次衰退將是短暫而輕微的。美國一年后衰退的概率中值穩定在60%，兩年后上升至70%，高于11月調查時的63%。[2022/12/9 21:32:59]

The invasion of Ukraine by Russia is causing tremendous human and economic hardship. The implications for the U.S. economy are highly uncertain, but in the near term the invasion and related events are likely to create additional upward pressure on inflation and weigh on economic activity.

美聯儲主席鮑威爾本周正式開始就縮減購債進行討論:美聯儲布拉德：美聯儲主席鮑威爾本周正式開始就縮減購債進行討論，縮減購債規模是一個復雜的問題，需要解決幾個方面的問題，包括速度、住房抵押貸款支持證券和財政部，美聯儲將召開幾次會議以討論縮減購債規模，一場“健康的辯論”即將到來，將給市場充足的時間來應對減碼。 （金十）[2021/6/18 23:48:22]

The Committee seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2 percent over the longer run. With appropriate firming in the stance of monetary policy, the Committee expects inflation to return to its 2 percent objective and the labor market to remain strong. In support of these goals, the Committee decided to raise the target range for the federal funds rate to 1/4 to 1/2 percent and anticipates that ongoing increases in the target range will be appropriate. In addition, the Committee expects to begin reducing its holdings of Treasury securities and agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities at a coming meeting.

美聯儲布拉德：有理由相信美國能在第二季度基本渡過危機:美聯儲布拉德稱，美聯儲承諾在可預見的未來維持當前利率。存在一定的通縮風險，但對數據要謹慎。不預計接下來的會議中會有很多前瞻性指引，目前的關注點在疫情而不是利率。美聯儲不太可能采取購買股權的行動，考慮到美國市場的規模和流動性，不確定這能起到多大作用。布拉德表示，有理由相信美國能在第二季度基本渡過危機，經濟在下半年表現良好。許多市場的流動性指標比幾周前有所改善。（金十）[2020/4/18]

In assessing the appropriate stance of monetary policy, the Committee will continue to monitor the implications of incoming information for the economic outlook. The Committee would be prepared to adjust the stance of monetary policy as appropriate if risks emerge that could impede the attainment of the Committee's goals. The Committee's assessments will take into account a wide range of information, including readings on public health, labor market conditions, inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and financial and international developments.

Voting for the monetary policy action were Jerome H. Powell, Chair; John C. Williams, Vice Chair; Michelle W. Bowman; Lael Brainard; Esther L. George; Patrick Harker; Loretta J. Mester; and Christopher J. Waller. Voting against this action was James Bullard, who preferred at this meeting to raise the target range for the federal funds rate by 0.5 percentage point to 1/2 to 3/4 percent. Patrick Harker voted as an alternate member at this meeting.

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